Continuously operated vertical chamber oven for the production of gas and coke



July 15, 1941- P. soULARY 2.249.056

CONTINUOUSLY OPERATED VERTICAL CHAMBER OVEN F0 0Fv GAS AND COKE THE PRODUCTION Filed Sept. 19, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f/ o //N/////H/} C ...1 4 anni 7. .l nl

f b\ .44 v W x).4//.///// V Patented July 15, 1941 s PATENT oFFIcE CONTINUOUSLY OPERATED VAE R I CA L.

OF GAS AND COKE Paul ASoulary, Bruay, France, assignor, by mesneassignments, to Koppers- Company, Pittsburgh, Paga corporation of Delaware Application September 19, 1938, Serial No.v 230,679

Y In Germany September` 20, 1937 2 Claims. (Cl. 202-251) i The present invention relates `to continuously operated vertical chamber ovens for the production of gas and coke and mpre particularly to that type of vertical chamber ovens in which a special pipe like member is arranged in the cham- 7.

.ber roof, Ysaid member serving for introducing the coal to be treated into the coking chamber. .The said coal delivery pipe reaches kdown to a'zone of the chamberfwalls near the heating ue system .and the. distillation gases produced are discharged through .an ascension pipe connected to the coking chamber at one of the front sides thereof.

The Vuse of a special coal delivery pipe projecting into the hot Zone of the chamber (for instance Austrian patent specification No. 108, 700) results in an advantageous and quick carbonization of the coal entering the chamber, at least in the outer layers of the chamber charge, and so prevents the coal from sticking or adhering to the chamber walls.

H In practice, however, certain diiculties have arisen in that at the outer walls of the delivery pipe cooled from inside bythe freshly charged ally and for this reason it has been usual to provide an upper cover or roof of the chamber, said cover consisting of removable metal sheets 4or similar means.

.cold coal, tarry constituents tend to precipitate g That sort of cleaningworkfin many cases does K notseem to cause any appreciable trouble to the supervisors of the plant. I have found, however, that `in the practical operation of a gaswcrks o r 'ture in the chamber is kept low for the production of an easily combustible coke.

Moreover, the 'distillation gases entering the comparatively cold gas spacearound the coal delivery pipe are not, in such instances subjected the conversion of aliphatic hydrocarbons into the more valuable aromatic constituents. It is known, that the tar obtained from the ordinary `continuously operated Yvertical chamber ovens kmostly contains considerably less aromaticv con- `to the lheat treatment temperature necessary for the like there may be certain circumstances which -O' CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION stituents 'than the usual coke oven tar which is produced during the carbonizationV of coal in horizontal chamber ovens;

The main object'of my present invention is to provide such improvements in said vertical chamber or retort ovens for the'production oi gas and coke which will facilitate the operation of said ovens and willovercomel many difliculties caused'by'the 'depositing of tarry matter or the like inthe upper part of the chamber or retort.

Now, my present invention consists in closing the top of the coking chamber of a continuously operated verticalchamber ovenby a massive rootl made out of refractory brick work and I provide .infsaid massive Vroof a coal delivery pipe reaching inthe usual way down to near the heated zone of the chamber walls and I urther'provide within thelrange of the lower end of the coal delivery pipe` that is near to the chamber roof, horizontal channels' which are situated in the hot Zone of the chamber brickV work and which connect ,with one another' the two free spaces which y ,areformed below vthe chamber rooien the oppsite front sides of the coal delivery pipe.

The new design ofthe chamber roof according to my invention, and of the chamber top, respectively, oifersv the advantage that all the gas leading spaces, including the Channels or spaces leading around the cool coal. delivery pipe, are arranged so near to the heating system of the j chamber that the temperature'of all the spaces remains above the dew point of the gases for tarry constituents, The danger of precipitating v tarry constituents in said gas spaces and the vv,blockingup the gas ways thereby, is thereby Aconsiderably reduced and in prac-tice an unimportant cleaning work similar to that needed for v the usual coke ovens has only to be carried out. Y f

Another important feature of my present inventionconsists in that the coal delivery pipe in the chamber roof is arranged so as to be withdrawn in such a mannerthat the'lower end of the coal delivery pipe may be put back into the chamber roof. This provision offers the advantage thatl the metallic delivery pipe can be pro` tected lagainst any dangerous vheating up during the usual degraphitisation of the chamber.

Stillv further objects and features of my pres# rent invention may be4 taken from the Yfollowing descriptionfof a preferred embodiment thereof and from the accompanying drawings in which: A A

I ,'Fig.; 1 is a vertical longitudinal section and Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section through the upper part of a vertical chamber oven constructed according to my present invention.

Fig. 3 i-s a view similar to Fig. 2, but illustrating schematically an alternative embodiment of the invention.

On the drawings, vthe coking chamber is marked I which is formed by Ithe refractory brickwork 2 and the side heating walls 3 in which are provided the usual vertical heating lues 4.

The top of the chamber. is .closed by a massive roof 5 consisting of refractory brickwork. Cleaning holes are provided in the roof, one being at the front side 6 of the chamber which is also used for the gas outlet to the opposite ascension pipe 8 leading to the hydraulic main and the other 9, being at front side of the chamber.

In the centre of the chamber roof 5 there is an opening which is traversed by' the coal delivery pipe I preferably outer-lined with a heat insulation layer II.

Around `the lower end of the coal delivery pipe I'D in the chamber roof, channels I2 are recessed in the roof 5 which 'connect the left hand gas collecting space a with the right hand gas collecting space b, as shownin Fig. 1, and which are formed'above the' coal charge in the chamber.

As may be seen from Fig. l.; the' upper extremities of thegas' collecting spaces A, Band the lower extremity of both the circulating 'channels I2 and pipe I are situated near the'heating flues i and terminate at about the level of but not below the tops of theV horizontal channel I3 connecting the heating ues '4 so that the temperature in Vthese gas leading spaces is always kept so high that the tarry constituents 'may not condense.

The gas circulating channels I2L are equipped with closable cleaning holes I4 so that they can easily be cleaned from above lthe chamberr roof.

The coal delivery pipe I is arranged inthe chamber roof in such a manner that it can be withdrawn. The outletbranch I of thecoal bunker I6 projects like a telescope into the delivery pipe IIJ 'so' that the latter' maybe drawn upwards vertically over the branch I5.

" Thecoal delivery pipe'is suitably Vwithdrawn 'before' the chamber isY decarbonised so as to protect the lower end of the pipe II) against excessive heating up.

Openings I'I which can be shut are provided in the delivery pipe in order to supervise and 'accelerate the passage of the coal, if necessary.

Between the delivery pipe Il and the chamber roof, on the one hand, and the bunker outlet I5,v

on the other hand, there are the usual packing means for instance sand seals and stuiing Vboxes respectively.

Instead oi carrying out the chamber as illustrated in Fig. 1, the chamber can also be equipped with a multitude of coal delivery pipes as diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 3, within the range of which gas circulating channels I2 may likewise be provided so that constantly all the gas collecting .spaces are connected with the ascension pipe by means of the gas channels lying in the hot zone. e

According to the present invention. the coal delivery pipes of adjacent oven chambers also may be connected with a common bunker outlet. In this case, the coal delivery pipes extend slantingly toward the chamber and the bunker 'outlet is arranged above the heating walls so that Athe two streams of coal in passing from the bunker outlet to the twochambers connected therewith have totake the same path way.

.hollow spaces of the oven which carry the clis- 'tillation gas be situated near the heating system of the chamber, 4so that in all the gas spaces 'there always exists a comparatively high temperature which, on the one hand prevents the aforesaid condensation, and on the other hand effects the desired conversion of alipathic constituents into those of the aromatic series.

I have now above described my present invention on the lines of a preferred embodiment thereof, but my invention is not limited in all its aspects to the mode of carrying it out as described and shown, since the invention may be variously embodied within the scope of ,the following claims. Y

I claim:

1. In a continuous ver-tical coking retort oven con-lprising a verticalcoking chamber intermediate heating walls onlopposite sides thereof, and a heating flue system in theheating walls extending to'near but terminating at its upper part at a short distance below the tops of the heating walls and coking chamber;r the combination of a massive roof of refractory brickwork covering the top of the chamber and extendingl down into the chamber top, from one end .to the other thereof between the tops of the heating walls with its base. terminating at the level of the upper extremity of the heating flue system, an ascension pipe opening extending through one end of the roof, a metallic coal-delivery pipe extending down through the center of the roof and also terminating at its lower endat the level of the upper .extremity of the heatingue systems, and a recessed channel formed in the bottom of the roof, said channel being recessed .from the base of the roof upwardly and inwardly Acollecting space to pass over and above the coal pile formed from the delivery pipe to the ascension pipe opening, but being shallow relative to Lthe Adepth Vof the massive roof' to confine the passing gas closely to the tops of the heating systems and thus prevent undue cooling and condensation of the gas so passing.

2. In a continuous vertical coking retort oven comprising a vertical coking chamber intermediate heating walls von opposite sides thereoi, and a heating nue system in the heating walls extending to near but terminating at its upper part at a short distance below the tops of the heating walls and coking chamber; the combination of a massive roof of refractory brickwork covering the top of the chamber and extending down into the chamberv top, from one end to the otherthereof. between the tops of the heating .walls with its base terminating at the level of the delivery pipe to allow the gas collected in the collecting space to pass over and above the coal pile formed from the delivery pipe to the ascension pipe opening, but being shallow relative to the depth of the massive roof to confine the passing gas closely to the tops of the heating systems and thus prevent undue cooling and con- Y densation of the gas so passing, a supply hopper with a depending outlet branch for the delivery pipe, said delivery pipe being arranged for withdrawal through the roof and having atelescopic connection vwith the hopper outlet branch for partial withdrawal of the discharge end of the delivery pipe out ofr the recess up intothe roof structure out of path of decarbonizing gases during decarbonization of the top of the oven chamber. n

PAUL SOULARY. 

